SEASONAL PATTERNS OF SINGING ACTIVITY VARY WITH TIME OF DAY IN THE NIGHTINGALE (LUSCINIA MEGARHYNCHOS)

Abstract Seasonal patterns of singing activity of male birds have been thoroughly studied, but little is known about how those patterns vary with time of day. Here, we censused mated and unmated male Nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) at four different hours of the day throughout the breeding cycle. In unmated males, singing activity increased until the young hatched in their neighborhood, and the seasonal variation was similar at each of the four hours of the day. In mated males, however, the seasonal patterns of singing activity differed between hours of the day. In morning (about the hour of egg-laying) and during the dusk chorus, the singing activity of mated males was strongly influenced by the females' reproductive state: singing activity was low before egg-laying and during incubation, but high during the egg-laying period. In the dawn chorus, however, singing activity showed a similar seasonal pattern in mated and unmated males and was high until late stages of the breeding cycle. Our results suggest that the social context influences singing behavior to a varying degree across the season, and that this variation also depends on time of day. The hour of data collection thus is an important but often neglected factor when seasonal changes of singing activity are studied.

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Seasonal Patterns of Singing Activity Vary with Time of Day in the Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos)

The Auk ◽

10.2307/4090060 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 110-117

Author(s):

Marc Naguib

Keyword(s):

Time Of Day ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Luscinia Megarhynchos ◽

Singing Activity

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Diurnal and seasonal variations in the onset of primary intracerebral hemorrhage in individuals living in Izumo City, Japan

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2003.98.2.0326 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 326-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tetsuji Inagawa

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Patient Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bimodal Distribution ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Content Type ◽

Untreated Hypertension ◽

Fine Print

Object. Little is known about the temporal patterns of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among the general population. The aim of this study was to examine diurnal and seasonal variations in the onset of ICH in a community-based series. Methods. The study population consisted of 350 patients who presented with primary ICH for the first time and were treated between 1991 and 1998 in Izumo City, Japan. Among the entire patient population, the onset of hemorrhage was rarely observed during the night and a peak was observed in the late afternoon. In men 69 years of age or younger, the onset of ICH exhibited a bimodal distribution, with an initial high peak between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. and a second, lower peak between 6:00 and 8:00 p.m. In contrast, in men 70 years of age or older and in women regardless of age, only a single evening peak, between approximately 6:00 and 10:00 p.m., was found, and no morning peak was observed. For the entire patient population (for both sexes), and for men alone, seasonal variations—a peak in winter and a trough in summer—were significant for all age groups combined. This factor was significant for patients 69 years of age or younger, during the daytime hours (8:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m.), and for patients with untreated hypertension; however, it was not significant for patients 70 years of age or older, during nighttime hours (10:00 p.m.–8:00 a.m.), or for treated hypertensive and normotensive patients. In women, no significant seasonal patterns were found, regardless of patient age, time of day at onset of ICH, or the presence of risk factors. Seasonal variations were statistically significant for patients with hematomas larger than 5 ml, but not for those with hematomas 5 ml or smaller. Conclusions. Temporal distributions in the onset of ICH seem to be influenced by patient sex and age. The seasonal patterns of ICH occurrence may result mainly from changes that occur during the daytime, and may also be modified by the presence of untreated hypertension and by the volume of the hematoma.

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A Population-level Analysis of Morning Song: Exploring the Implications for Point Counts

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1779 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Foote ◽

Lauren P. Fitzsimmons ◽

Lynnea M. Lobert ◽

Laurene M. Ratcliffe ◽

Daniel J. Mennill

Keyword(s):

Population Level ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Poecile Atricapillus ◽

Breeding Bird ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Point Counts ◽

The North ◽

Population Sizes ◽

Singing Activity

Point counts are widely used for conducting ecological surveys of wild birds. Vocal output of birds varies with time of day, and therefore the results of ecological surveys should also vary with time of day. We modeled how males’ singing rates change over the morning. We calculated song rates in 3 min sampling periods (the standard sampling period used by the North American Breeding Bird Survey) and compared how detection rates vary as sampling period increases. We recorded singing activity in 15 neighbourhoods of breeding Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with 16-element microphone arrays that recorded every song from every male in every neighbourhood. We calculated the proportion of males that produced one or more songs during 3, 5, and 10 min count periods between nautical twilight and late morning. our results show a strong peak in singing activity just before sunrise followed by a steady decline in singing activity over the course of the morning. We found that longer sampling periods yielded significantly higher detection rates at all times after sunrise. After sunrise, detection rates never exceeded 60%, even with 10 min sampling periods. We found that unpaired males had significantly higher detection rates than paired males but we found no difference between paired males with fertile versus incubating mates. our results provide strong evidence that, for black-capped Chickadees, surveys during the dawn chorus provide the most comprehensive assessment of the number of birds present, and that longer sampling periods yield significantly better estimates of population sizes at all times after sunrise.

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The Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns of Grazing of the Red Kangaroo, Macropus-Rufus, and the Western Gray-Kangaroo, Macropus-Fuliginosus

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9860113 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D Priddel

Keyword(s):

Pulse Rate ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Red Kangaroo ◽

Macropus Rufus ◽

Before And After ◽

Radio Transmitters ◽

Free Ranging

Free-ranging red and western grey kangaroos were fitted with radio transmitters which, when the kangaroo grazed, emitted a pulse rate different to that emitted during other activities. Red kangaroos grazed for between 7.1 and 10.5 h day-1; western grey kangaroos grazed for between 5.9 and 9.8 h day-1 . Red kangaroos grazed for the same amount of time each season despite fourfold changes in pasture biomass. The grazing time of western grey kangaroos was similar in autumn, winter and spring, but decreased by 22% in summer when pasture was most abundant. Males of both species grazed for about an hour longer than females each day. Most grazing (78% for red kangaroos; 86% for western grey kangaroos) took place between sunset and sunrise. The distribution of grazing activity with respect to time of day was bimodal; kangaroos grazed for extensive periods during the 6 h immediately after sunset and again during the few hours before and after sunrise. The time of grazing changed seasonally and these changes were associated with differences in daylength.

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Sex-specific timing of mate searching and territory prospecting in the nightingale: nocturnal life of females

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2008.1726 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 276 (1664) ◽

pp. 2045-2050 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Tobias Roth ◽

Philipp Sprau ◽

Rouven Schmidt ◽

Marc Naguib ◽

Valentin Amrhein

Keyword(s):

Bird Species ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Diel Variation ◽

Mate Searching ◽

Diel Patterns ◽

Luscinia Megarhynchos ◽

Signal Evaluation ◽

Singing Activity ◽

Territory Occupancy ◽

Specific Timing

Formal models have shown that diel variation in female mate searching is likely to have profound influence on daily signalling routines of males. In studies on acoustic communication, the temporal patterns of the receivers' signal evaluation should thus be taken into account when investigating the functions of signalling. In bird species in which diel patterns of signalling differ between males singing to defend a territory or to attract a mate, the diel patterns of mate and territory prospecting are suggested to depend on the sex of the prospector. We simulated newly arriving female nightingales ( Luscinia megarhynchos ) by translocating radio-tagged females to our study site. The mate-searching females prospected the area mostly at night, visiting several singing males. The timing of female prospecting corresponded to the period of the night when the singing activity of unpaired males was higher than that of paired males. In contrast to females, territory searching males have been shown to prospect territories almost exclusively during the dawn chorus. At dawn, both paired and unpaired males sang at high rates, suggesting that in contrast to nocturnal singing, dawn singing is important to announce territory occupancy to prospecting males. In the nightingale, the sex-specific timing of prospecting corresponded to the differential signalling routines of paired and unpaired males. The temporal patterns in the behaviour of signallers and receivers thus appear to be mutually adapted.

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Suicidality and Mood: The Impact of Trends, Seasons, Day of the Week, and Time of Day on Implicit and Explicit Cognitions

10.31234/osf.io/rh9jy ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

René Freichel ◽

Brian O'Shea

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempts ◽

Community Sample ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Early Summer ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Negative Cognitions ◽

Implicit Cognitions ◽

The Us ◽

Day Of The Week ◽

The Impact

Decades of research have established seasonality effects on completed and attempted suicides, with an increase in rates during spring and early summer. Using more than six years of data (April 2012 – November 2018), we used new Prophet models to forecast mood and explicit and implicit measures of self-harm among an online community sample residing in the US and UK (N > 7,975). We decomposed the time series into trends across the years, within years (seasons), weekly, and daily seasonal patterns. Across all outcomes, the long-term changes across the years and the seasonal patterns show the strongest variation on explicit and implicit cognitions, followed by the time of day (negative cognitions peaking around 4 am – 5 am), with the day of the week showing the weakest effects. The data show a general increase of negative cognitions across the six years, paralleling trends in suicide rates and depression prevalence in the US and UK. Autoregressive-integrated moving average (ARIMA) models showed seasonality effects for mood and desire to die among US, UK, and Canadian respondents (N > 10,445), particularly in the group of respondents who previously made a suicide attempt. Negative cognitions were generally the lowest in summer (June) and peaked in winter (December). These negative cognitions precede the rise in suicidal behaviors during spring and early summer. We discuss potential reasons for lagged effects of negative cognitions on suicidal behavior and implicit cognitions, which may be crucial for theoretical advancements. Our findings have implications for the clinical risk assessment of patients witha history of suicide attempts and public policies regarding the availability of health services.

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Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daniel Hideki Bando ◽

Fernando Madalena Volpe

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

São Paulo ◽

Health Statistics ◽

Males And Females ◽

June July ◽

The City ◽

Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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